Difference between revisions of "9S:Volume1 Illustrations"
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− | •Prior to the Napoleonic wars and France’s |
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− | domination of Europe, Austria was one of |
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− | Europe’s most powerful nations. |
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− | |||
− | •The powerful Hapsburg dy- |
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− | nasty controlled not only Cen- |
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− | tral Europe, but also Spain and |
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− | the Netherlands. Charles V, the |
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− | Holy Roman Emperor & King |
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− | of Spain, split the vast Haps- |
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− | burg holdings in 1556 when he abdicated |
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− | his throne. The Austrian Hapsburgs contin- |
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− | ued to control Central Europe, while |
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− | Charles’ son Philip II took possession of |
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− | Spain, the Netherlands & Spanish New |
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− | World possessions. |
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− | |||
− | •By 1800, the Austrian Hapsburgs con- |
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− | trolled the second largest Empire in Europe |
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− | (after Russia), and the third most populous |
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− | (after Russia and Prussia). |
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− | •While Austria was damaged somewhat by |
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− | |||
− | the Napoleonic Wars, their in- |
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− | fluence in European affairs re- |
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− | mained profound, as they |
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− | |||
− | hosted the infamous Congress |
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− | of Vienna in 1815. |
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− | •Austria put herself in charge of the |
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− | ‘Confederation of the Rhine’ — a loose |
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− | grouping of Germanic states. However, her |
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− | power and influence there began to wane |
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− | by the 1840s due to the rise of the powerful |
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− | & industrial Prussia. |
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− | |||
− | •In general, Austria’s power in Europe de- |
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− | creased throughout the rest of the 19th cen- |
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− | tury. Austria was falling behind economi- |
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− | cally, as they were largely unindustrialized, |
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− | |||
− | and they were plagued by the nationalist |
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− | uprisings of their minority groups. |
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− | Multi-national Empire in a Nationalist World national Empire in a Nationalist World national Empire in a Nationalist World |
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− | •The Austrian Empire not only controlled |
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− | vast territory in Central Europe, it also ruled |
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− | over more than a dozen different ethnic |
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− | groups. Each group had its own culture, his- |
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− | tory and language. As time went on, these |
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− | |||
− | groups became increasingly vocal about |
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− | their desire for self-government. |
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− | |||
− | •In 1848, Austria faced a series of signifi- |
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− | cant uprisings within its Empire. There were |
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− | demonstrations for democratic reforms in |
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− | the capital city of Vienna. These |
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− | demonstrations were put down, |
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− | however it was harder to crush |
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− | the nationalist demonstrations |
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− | that were occurring in the Hun- |
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− | garian portion of their Empire. In fact, the |
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− | Austrians needed Russian help to deal with |
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− | the Hungarians. |
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− | The Dual Monarchy The Dual Monarchy |
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− | •The Austrian Empire continued to deal with |
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− | nationalist uprisings and with the increased |
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− | dissatisfaction of its largest minority, the |
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− | Magyars (Hungarians). |
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− | •In 1867, Emperor Franz Joseph agreed to |
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− | the Hungarian Compromise of 1867 which |
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− | created the ‘Dual Monarchy’. |
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− | The Emperor would continue to |
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− | rule from Vienna, but a second |
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− | capital city was created at Bu- |
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− | dapest (Hungary) to rule the |
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− | Eastern part of the Empire. A |
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− | second parliament was created, and the |
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− | Hungarians were granted enormous ruling |
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− | power. Austria became Austria-Hungary, |
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− | and the eagle on the traditional coat of |
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− | arms now sported two heads. |