|
|
| Line 29: |
Line 29: |
| |} | | |} |
| </noinclude> | | </noinclude> |
| •Prior to the Napoleonic wars and France’s
| |
| domination of Europe, Austria was one of
| |
| Europe’s most powerful nations.
| |
|
| |
| •The powerful Hapsburg dy-
| |
| nasty controlled not only Cen-
| |
| tral Europe, but also Spain and
| |
|
| |
| the Netherlands. Charles V, the
| |
| Holy Roman Emperor & King
| |
|
| |
| of Spain, split the vast Haps-
| |
| burg holdings in 1556 when he abdicated
| |
|
| |
| his throne. The Austrian Hapsburgs contin-
| |
| ued to control Central Europe, while
| |
|
| |
| Charles’ son Philip II took possession of
| |
| Spain, the Netherlands & Spanish New
| |
| World possessions.
| |
|
| |
| •By 1800, the Austrian Hapsburgs con-
| |
| trolled the second largest Empire in Europe
| |
|
| |
| (after Russia), and the third most populous
| |
| (after Russia and Prussia).
| |
| •While Austria was damaged somewhat by
| |
|
| |
| the Napoleonic Wars, their in-
| |
| fluence in European affairs re-
| |
| mained profound, as they
| |
|
| |
| hosted the infamous Congress
| |
| of Vienna in 1815.
| |
| •Austria put herself in charge of the
| |
| ‘Confederation of the Rhine’ — a loose
| |
| grouping of Germanic states. However, her
| |
| power and influence there began to wane
| |
| by the 1840s due to the rise of the powerful
| |
| & industrial Prussia.
| |
|
| |
| •In general, Austria’s power in Europe de-
| |
| creased throughout the rest of the 19th cen-
| |
| tury. Austria was falling behind economi-
| |
| cally, as they were largely unindustrialized,
| |
|
| |
| and they were plagued by the nationalist
| |
| uprisings of their minority groups.
| |
|
| |
| Multi-national Empire in a Nationalist World national Empire in a Nationalist World national Empire in a Nationalist World
| |
| •The Austrian Empire not only controlled
| |
| vast territory in Central Europe, it also ruled
| |
| over more than a dozen different ethnic
| |
|
| |
| groups. Each group had its own culture, his-
| |
| tory and language. As time went on, these
| |
|
| |
| groups became increasingly vocal about
| |
| their desire for self-government.
| |
|
| |
| •In 1848, Austria faced a series of signifi-
| |
| cant uprisings within its Empire. There were
| |
|
| |
| demonstrations for democratic reforms in
| |
| the capital city of Vienna. These
| |
| demonstrations were put down,
| |
| however it was harder to crush
| |
| the nationalist demonstrations
| |
|
| |
| that were occurring in the Hun-
| |
| garian portion of their Empire. In fact, the
| |
|
| |
| Austrians needed Russian help to deal with
| |
| the Hungarians.
| |
|
| |
| The Dual Monarchy The Dual Monarchy
| |
|
| |
| •The Austrian Empire continued to deal with
| |
| nationalist uprisings and with the increased
| |
| dissatisfaction of its largest minority, the
| |
| Magyars (Hungarians).
| |
| •In 1867, Emperor Franz Joseph agreed to
| |
| the Hungarian Compromise of 1867 which
| |
| created the ‘Dual Monarchy’.
| |
| The Emperor would continue to
| |
| rule from Vienna, but a second
| |
|
| |
| capital city was created at Bu-
| |
| dapest (Hungary) to rule the
| |
|
| |
| Eastern part of the Empire. A
| |
| second parliament was created, and the
| |
| Hungarians were granted enormous ruling
| |
| power. Austria became Austria-Hungary,
| |
| and the eagle on the traditional coat of
| |
| arms now sported two heads.
| |
These are novel illustrations that were included in volume 1.
-
Front Cover
-
Back Cover
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Page 043
-
Page 068
-
Page 097
-
Page 109
-
Page 155
-
Page 199
-
Page 249
-
Page 296
-
Page 322
-
Page 363
Front Cover
Back Cover
Page 043
Page 068
Page 097
Page 109
Page 155
Page 199
Page 249
Page 296
Page 322
Page 363
