9S:Volume1 Illustrations

These are novel illustrations that were included in volume 1.

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  Front Cover
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  Back Cover
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  Page 043
  
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  Page 068
  
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  Page 097
  
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  Page 109
  
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  Page 155
  
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  Page 199
  
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  Page 249
  
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  Page 296
  
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  Page 322
  
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  Page 363
  

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•Prior to the Napoleonic wars and France’s domination of Europe, Austria was one of Europe’s most powerful nations.

•The powerful Hapsburg dy- nasty controlled not only Cen- tral Europe, but also Spain and

the Netherlands. Charles V, the Holy Roman Emperor & King

of Spain, split the vast Haps- burg holdings in 1556 when he abdicated

his throne. The Austrian Hapsburgs contin- ued to control Central Europe, while

Charles’ son Philip II took possession of Spain, the Netherlands & Spanish New World possessions.

•By 1800, the Austrian Hapsburgs con- trolled the second largest Empire in Europe

(after Russia), and the third most populous (after Russia and Prussia). •While Austria was damaged somewhat by

the Napoleonic Wars, their in- fluence in European affairs re- mained profound, as they

hosted the infamous Congress of Vienna in 1815. •Austria put herself in charge of the ‘Confederation of the Rhine’ — a loose grouping of Germanic states. However, her power and influence there began to wane by the 1840s due to the rise of the powerful & industrial Prussia.

•In general, Austria’s power in Europe de- creased throughout the rest of the 19th cen- tury. Austria was falling behind economi- cally, as they were largely unindustrialized,

and they were plagued by the nationalist uprisings of their minority groups.

Multi-national Empire in a Nationalist World national Empire in a Nationalist World national Empire in a Nationalist World •The Austrian Empire not only controlled vast territory in Central Europe, it also ruled over more than a dozen different ethnic

groups. Each group had its own culture, his- tory and language. As time went on, these

groups became increasingly vocal about their desire for self-government.

•In 1848, Austria faced a series of signifi- cant uprisings within its Empire. There were

demonstrations for democratic reforms in the capital city of Vienna. These demonstrations were put down, however it was harder to crush the nationalist demonstrations

that were occurring in the Hun- garian portion of their Empire. In fact, the

Austrians needed Russian help to deal with the Hungarians.

The Dual Monarchy The Dual Monarchy

•The Austrian Empire continued to deal with nationalist uprisings and with the increased dissatisfaction of its largest minority, the Magyars (Hungarians). •In 1867, Emperor Franz Joseph agreed to the Hungarian Compromise of 1867 which created the ‘Dual Monarchy’. The Emperor would continue to rule from Vienna, but a second

capital city was created at Bu- dapest (Hungary) to rule the

Eastern part of the Empire. A second parliament was created, and the Hungarians were granted enormous ruling power. Austria became Austria-Hungary, and the eagle on the traditional coat of arms now sported two heads.